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Skills

ME 5: Heat Transfer

12 weeks · 4 milestones

Steady and transient conduction, fins, convection, radiation and heat exchangers. Course 5 of the Varsity Curriculum: Mechanical Engineering. Free sources and free tools only.

Part of: Mechanical Eng. · Proves for: UG

Milestone map

Milestone map

4 milestones

Conduction: steady state, thermal resistance and fins

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Read chapters 1–2 and 4 of Lienhard's textbook (modes of heat transfer, the heat diffusion equation, thermal resistances, fins) and watch the matching NPTEL Heat and Mass Transfer lectures. Then work through selected exercises from chapters 1, 2 and 4 of Lienhard's textbook and the 2.051 Quiz 1 review problems. Self-check: A Heat Transfer Textbook: solutions manual (free). Free tools only.

Proof required

Link the public repo with selected exercises from chapters 1, 2 and 4 of Lienhard's textbook and the 2.051 Quiz 1 review problems written up (a typeset PDF, LaTeX source or notebook), and show the self-check: which answers matched and how you fixed the ones that did not.

What gets checked

  • Each problem draws the thermal-resistance network before solving it.
  • Fin answers check the Biot number and the fin efficiency.
  • Answers match the solutions manual, and misses are reworked.

Common mistakes

  • Answers copied from a solution with no working.
  • Missing units, or a free-body diagram or sign convention left out.

Powstik Guide

A public write-up of selected exercises from chapters 1, 2 and 4 of Lienhard's textbook and the 2.051 Quiz 1 review problems, with the self-check shown.

Steps

  1. Study the linked course material.
  2. Solve the problems on your own first.
  3. Check them against the self-check and rework the misses.
  4. Typeset the write-up (LaTeX or a notebook) in a public repo.
  5. Ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 5: Heat Transfer, unit 1: Conduction: steady state, thermal resistance and fins
Problems:
Self-check result (matched / reworked):
What I got wrong first and why:

What gets sent back

  • No working shown.
  • The self-check result is missing.

Resources

Foundationstart here

Depthgo deeper

What a verifier looks for

  • Each problem draws the thermal-resistance network before solving it.
  • Fin answers check the Biot number and the fin efficiency.
  • Answers match the solutions manual, and misses are reworked.
  • Is the engineering right, not just the final number?

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.

Transient conduction and convection

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Read chapters 5–8 of Lienhard's textbook (transient conduction and the lumped model, laminar and turbulent forced convection, natural convection). Then work through selected exercises from chapters 5–8 of Lienhard's textbook and the 2.051 Quiz 2 review problems. Self-check: A Heat Transfer Textbook: solutions manual (free). Free tools only.

Proof required

Link the public repo with selected exercises from chapters 5–8 of Lienhard's textbook and the 2.051 Quiz 2 review problems written up (a typeset PDF, LaTeX source or notebook), and show the self-check: which answers matched and how you fixed the ones that did not.

What gets checked

  • The lumped model is used only when Bi < 0.1, and that is shown.
  • Each convection coefficient comes from a correlation valid for its Reynolds or Rayleigh number.
  • Answers match the solutions manual, and misses are reworked.

Common mistakes

  • Answers copied from a solution with no working.
  • Missing units, or a free-body diagram or sign convention left out.

Powstik Guide

A public write-up of selected exercises from chapters 5–8 of Lienhard's textbook and the 2.051 Quiz 2 review problems, with the self-check shown.

Steps

  1. Study the linked course material.
  2. Solve the problems on your own first.
  3. Check them against the self-check and rework the misses.
  4. Typeset the write-up (LaTeX or a notebook) in a public repo.
  5. Ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 5: Heat Transfer, unit 2: Transient conduction and convection
Problems:
Self-check result (matched / reworked):
What I got wrong first and why:

What gets sent back

  • No working shown.
  • The self-check result is missing.

Resources

Foundationstart here

Depthgo deeper

What a verifier looks for

  • The lumped model is used only when Bi < 0.1, and that is shown.
  • Each convection coefficient comes from a correlation valid for its Reynolds or Rayleigh number.
  • Answers match the solutions manual, and misses are reworked.
  • Is the engineering right, not just the final number?

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.

Heat exchangers and radiation

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Read chapter 3 (heat exchangers: LMTD and effectiveness–NTU) and chapter 10 (thermal radiation) of Lienhard's textbook. Then work through selected exercises from chapters 3 and 10 of Lienhard's textbook. Self-check: A Heat Transfer Textbook: solutions manual (free). Free tools only.

Proof required

Link the public repo with selected exercises from chapters 3 and 10 of Lienhard's textbook written up (a typeset PDF, LaTeX source or notebook), and show the self-check: which answers matched and how you fixed the ones that did not.

What gets checked

  • Heat-exchanger problems state which method (LMTD or ε–NTU) and why.
  • Radiation exchange uses view factors with the reciprocity rule checked.
  • Answers match the solutions manual, and misses are reworked.

Common mistakes

  • Answers copied from a solution with no working.
  • Missing units, or a free-body diagram or sign convention left out.

Powstik Guide

A public write-up of selected exercises from chapters 3 and 10 of Lienhard's textbook, with the self-check shown.

Steps

  1. Study the linked course material.
  2. Solve the problems on your own first.
  3. Check them against the self-check and rework the misses.
  4. Typeset the write-up (LaTeX or a notebook) in a public repo.
  5. Ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 5: Heat Transfer, unit 3: Heat exchangers and radiation
Problems:
Self-check result (matched / reworked):
What I got wrong first and why:

What gets sent back

  • No working shown.
  • The self-check result is missing.

Resources

Foundationstart here

Depthgo deeper

What a verifier looks for

  • Heat-exchanger problems state which method (LMTD or ε–NTU) and why.
  • Radiation exchange uses view factors with the reciprocity rule checked.
  • Answers match the solutions manual, and misses are reworked.
  • Is the engineering right, not just the final number?

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.

Simulate a cooling block and check it two ways

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Make a finite-difference simulation of transient conduction in a slab or cylinder cooling in air, checked against the lumped model and the one-term analytical solution. Write an explicit finite-difference solver in Python or Octave. State the stability limit: Fo = αΔt/Δx² ≤ 1/2 inside, and Fo(1 + hΔx/k) ≤ 1/2 at the cooled surface node. Run two cases: a metal block in air (Bi < 0.1), and a low-conductivity block such as wood or plastic, or a higher h (Bi > 1). Run a grid study (at least three grid sizes) and a time-step study until the centre's dimensionless temperature θ = (T − T∞)/(Tᵢ − T∞) changes by less than 1%. In a table, compare the result with the lumped-capacitance answer and the one-term series from Lienhard's chapter 5 (valid for Fo > 0.2). Optionally, measure a mug of warm tap water cooling and fit h with the lumped model. Optional, costs money: a kitchen thermometer to measure warm tap water cooling (never boiling water). Safety: hand tools and eye protection only. Never machine tools, welding, pressure vessels, combustion, or springs and flywheels that store dangerous energy, unless a trained supervisor is present in a proper workshop. Under 18? Build with an adult present, or simulate the same set-up instead.

Proof required

Link the public repo with the code or model files, the one command that reruns it, the convergence (mesh or step-size) study and the hand-calculation check, and a README that says how to rerun it and what limits the result.

What gets checked

  • The grid and time-step studies show the answer converging, with the stability limit stated.
  • The table compares simulation, lumped model and one-term solution at three times with Fo > 0.2, for both cases, and shows where the lumped model fails.
  • The code reruns from the repo and reproduces every plot.

Common mistakes

  • A result that nobody else can rerun from the repo.
  • A table with no explanation of the gaps.

Powstik Guide

A finite-difference simulation of transient conduction in a slab or cylinder cooling in air, checked against the lumped model and the one-term analytical solution, in a public repo.

Steps

  1. Write down what you expect before you start.
  2. Write an explicit finite-difference solver in Python or Octave. State the stability limit: Fo = αΔt/Δx² ≤ 1/2 inside, and Fo(1 + hΔx/k) ≤ 1/2 at the cooled surface node. Run two cases: a metal block in air (Bi < 0.1), and a low-conductivity block such as wood or plastic, or a higher h (Bi > 1). Run a grid study (at least three grid sizes) and a time-step study until the centre's dimensionless temperature θ = (T − T∞)/(Tᵢ − T∞) changes by less than 1%. In a table, compare the result with the lumped-capacitance answer and the one-term series from Lienhard's chapter 5 (valid for Fo > 0.2). Optionally, measure a mug of warm tap water cooling and fit h with the lumped model.
  3. Fill the predicted-vs-measured (or hand-vs-simulated) table.
  4. Explain every gap with a cause someone can check.
  5. Write the README and ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 5: Heat Transfer — Simulate a cooling block and check it two ways
What I expected:
How to rerun it:
Predicted vs measured:
Why they differ:
Safety: hand tools and eye protection only

What gets sent back

  • No convergence study, or no hand calculation that checks it.
  • Machine tools, welding, pressure vessels, combustion, or springs and flywheels storing dangerous energy without a trained supervisor.

Resources

Foundationstart here

What a verifier looks for

  • The grid and time-step studies show the answer converging, with the stability limit stated.
  • The table compares simulation, lumped model and one-term solution at three times with Fo > 0.2, for both cases, and shows where the lumped model fails.
  • The code reruns from the repo and reproduces every plot.
  • Check the engineering and the numbers, not just that it exists: do the units, the hand calculation and the table agree?
  • Build photos show hand tools only and eye protection worn: no machine tools, welding, pressure vessels, combustion, or springs and flywheels storing dangerous energy (unless a trained supervisor and a proper workshop are shown).

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.