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Skills

ME elective: Energy Systems

14 weeks · 4 milestones

Availability and exergy, combustion and power cycles, combined cycles, and solar, fuel cells and storage. An elective of the Varsity Curriculum: Mechanical Engineering. Free sources and free tools only.

Part of: Mechanical Eng. · Proves for: UG

Milestone map

Milestone map

4 milestones

Availability, exergy and energy conversion

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Read the 2.60J lecture notes on thermodynamics of energy conversion, availability and exergy. Then work through 2.60J homework 1. Self-check: MIT 2.60J homework 1–5 with solutions. Free tools only.

Proof required

Link the public repo with 2.60J homework 1 written up (a typeset PDF, LaTeX source or notebook), and show the self-check: which answers matched and how you fixed the ones that did not.

What gets checked

  • Exergy balances name every destruction term.
  • Dead-state conditions are stated.
  • Answers match the published solutions, and misses are reworked.

Common mistakes

  • Answers copied from a solution with no working.
  • Missing units, or a free-body diagram or sign convention left out.

Powstik Guide

A public write-up of 2.60J homework 1, with the self-check shown.

Steps

  1. Study the linked course material.
  2. Solve the problems on your own first.
  3. Check them against the self-check and rework the misses.
  4. Typeset the write-up (LaTeX or a notebook) in a public repo.
  5. Ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 14: Energy Systems, unit 1: Availability, exergy and energy conversion
Problems:
Self-check result (matched / reworked):
What I got wrong first and why:

What gets sent back

  • No working shown.
  • The self-check result is missing.

Resources

Foundationstart here

Depthgo deeper

What a verifier looks for

  • Exergy balances name every destruction term.
  • Dead-state conditions are stated.
  • Answers match the published solutions, and misses are reworked.
  • Is the engineering right, not just the final number?

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.

Combustion, gas turbines and combined cycles

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Read the 2.60J notes on chemical thermodynamics, combustion and thermo-mechanical conversion (gas turbine and combined cycles). Analysis only; no build involves combustion. Then work through 2.60J homework 2, 4 and 5 (where a problem asks for EES, a paid program, use Python with CoolProp). Self-check: MIT 2.60J homework 1–5 with solutions. Free tools only.

Proof required

Link the public repo with 2.60J homework 2, 4 and 5 (where a problem asks for EES, a paid program, use Python with CoolProp) written up (a typeset PDF, LaTeX source or notebook), and show the self-check: which answers matched and how you fixed the ones that did not.

What gets checked

  • Combustion answers balance the reaction and state the air–fuel ratio.
  • Cycle efficiencies are checked against an energy and an exergy balance.
  • Answers match the published solutions, and misses are reworked.

Common mistakes

  • Answers copied from a solution with no working.
  • Missing units, or a free-body diagram or sign convention left out.

Powstik Guide

A public write-up of 2.60J homework 2, 4 and 5 (where a problem asks for EES, a paid program, use Python with CoolProp), with the self-check shown.

Steps

  1. Study the linked course material.
  2. Solve the problems on your own first.
  3. Check them against the self-check and rework the misses.
  4. Typeset the write-up (LaTeX or a notebook) in a public repo.
  5. Ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 14: Energy Systems, unit 2: Combustion, gas turbines and combined cycles
Problems:
Self-check result (matched / reworked):
What I got wrong first and why:

What gets sent back

  • No working shown.
  • The self-check result is missing.

Resources

Foundationstart here

Depthgo deeper

What a verifier looks for

  • Combustion answers balance the reaction and state the air–fuel ratio.
  • Cycle efficiencies are checked against an energy and an exergy balance.
  • Answers match the published solutions, and misses are reworked.
  • Is the engineering right, not just the final number?

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.

Solar, fuel cells and storage

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Read the 2.60J notes on electrochemical thermodynamics, fuel cells, batteries and storage, and solar energy. Then work through 2.60J homework 3 and problem 1 of homework 1 (compressed-air storage). Self-check: MIT 2.60J homework 1–5 with solutions. Free tools only.

Proof required

Link the public repo with 2.60J homework 3 and problem 1 of homework 1 (compressed-air storage) written up (a typeset PDF, LaTeX source or notebook), and show the self-check: which answers matched and how you fixed the ones that did not.

What gets checked

  • Efficiencies are compared on the same basis (first or second law), stated.
  • Storage answers give energy and power with units.
  • Answers match the published solutions, and misses are reworked.

Common mistakes

  • Answers copied from a solution with no working.
  • Missing units, or a free-body diagram or sign convention left out.

Powstik Guide

A public write-up of 2.60J homework 3 and problem 1 of homework 1 (compressed-air storage), with the self-check shown.

Steps

  1. Study the linked course material.
  2. Solve the problems on your own first.
  3. Check them against the self-check and rework the misses.
  4. Typeset the write-up (LaTeX or a notebook) in a public repo.
  5. Ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 14: Energy Systems, unit 3: Solar, fuel cells and storage
Problems:
Self-check result (matched / reworked):
What I got wrong first and why:

What gets sent back

  • No working shown.
  • The self-check result is missing.

Resources

Foundationstart here

Depthgo deeper

What a verifier looks for

  • Efficiencies are compared on the same basis (first or second law), stated.
  • Storage answers give energy and power with units.
  • Answers match the published solutions, and misses are reworked.
  • Is the engineering right, not just the final number?

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.

Model a combined-cycle power plant

about 3 weeks (about 12 hrs/week)

Make a notebook that models a gas turbine with a steam bottoming cycle, using CoolProp for the steam side. Model the Brayton topping cycle (air as an ideal gas) and the Rankine bottoming cycle, linked by a heat-recovery boiler. State every assumption: compressor and turbine efficiencies, turbine inlet temperature, a pinch point of about 10 K, the stack temperature and the dead state (25 °C, 1 atm). Treat the combustor as heat added, with fuel exergy about 1.04 times the lower heating value for natural gas. Check the code first against 2.60J homework 4 problem 3 and its solution. Sweep the gas-turbine pressure ratio and plot overall efficiency. Then draw an exergy-destruction breakdown by component. Safety: hand tools and eye protection only. Never machine tools, welding, pressure vessels, combustion, or springs and flywheels that store dangerous energy, unless a trained supervisor is present in a proper workshop. Under 18? Build with an adult present, or simulate the same set-up instead.

Proof required

Link the public repo with the code or model files, the one command that reruns it, the convergence (mesh or step-size) study and the hand-calculation check, and a README that says how to rerun it and what limits the result.

What gets checked

  • The code reproduces 2.60J homework 4 problem 3 within 1%, and one more point is checked by hand.
  • The pressure-ratio sweep and the exergy breakdown are plotted with units and stated assumptions.
  • The write-up explains where the largest exergy loss is and why.

Common mistakes

  • A result that nobody else can rerun from the repo.
  • A table with no explanation of the gaps.

Powstik Guide

A notebook that models a gas turbine with a steam bottoming cycle, using CoolProp for the steam side, in a public repo.

Steps

  1. Write down what you expect before you start.
  2. Model the Brayton topping cycle (air as an ideal gas) and the Rankine bottoming cycle, linked by a heat-recovery boiler. State every assumption: compressor and turbine efficiencies, turbine inlet temperature, a pinch point of about 10 K, the stack temperature and the dead state (25 °C, 1 atm). Treat the combustor as heat added, with fuel exergy about 1.04 times the lower heating value for natural gas. Check the code first against 2.60J homework 4 problem 3 and its solution. Sweep the gas-turbine pressure ratio and plot overall efficiency. Then draw an exergy-destruction breakdown by component.
  3. Fill the predicted-vs-measured (or hand-vs-simulated) table.
  4. Explain every gap with a cause someone can check.
  5. Write the README and ask someone who knows the subject to check it.

Template

README
ME 14: Energy Systems — Model a combined-cycle power plant
What I expected:
How to rerun it:
Predicted vs measured:
Why they differ:
Safety: hand tools and eye protection only

What gets sent back

  • No convergence study, or no hand calculation that checks it.
  • Machine tools, welding, pressure vessels, combustion, or springs and flywheels storing dangerous energy without a trained supervisor.

Resources

Foundationstart here

What a verifier looks for

  • The code reproduces 2.60J homework 4 problem 3 within 1%, and one more point is checked by hand.
  • The pressure-ratio sweep and the exergy breakdown are plotted with units and stated assumptions.
  • The write-up explains where the largest exergy loss is and why.
  • Check the engineering and the numbers, not just that it exists: do the units, the hand calculation and the table agree?
  • Build photos show hand tools only and eye protection worn: no machine tools, welding, pressure vessels, combustion, or springs and flywheels storing dangerous energy (unless a trained supervisor and a proper workshop are shown).

You'll sign in first, then come straight back here.