Reach Hindi B1

Proof required

Submit: (1) 10 original sentences using the Hindi subjunctive — 2 each with चाहिए, ताकि, चाहना, शायद, and a conditional कि clause; (2) a paragraph of 8 sentences in indirect speech reporting a conversation you either had or imagined, using at least 3 different reporting verbs (कहना, बताना, पूछना, सोचना).

What gets checked

• All 10 subjunctive sentences use the correct person–number subjunctive ending — e.g. 'हमें जाना चाहिए' (should go) not 'जाता चाहिए' (a common A2 carry-over error)
• The indirect speech paragraph uses कि correctly for all reporting verbs and does not inappropriately shift tense — Hindi does not require backshifting as English does
• At least 3 different reporting verbs appear in the indirect speech paragraph (e.g. कहा, बताया, पूछा) and each is conjugated correctly with ने where transitive

Common mistakes

• Confusing subjunctive and imperative — the subjunctive first-person ('जाऊँ') and the imperative informal ('जा') look similar; mixing them produces unintended commanding or uncertain tones
• Applying English backshift to indirect speech — writing 'उसने कहा कि वह बीमार था' (was) when the original statement would be reported as 'है' (is) in Hindi; the rule is different and must be explicitly learned
• Missing ने in indirect speech when reporting verbs are transitive — 'उसने कहा कि...' requires ने on the speaker but 'वह बोला कि...' does not; mixing the two signals incomplete past-tense internalisation

Resources

What a verifier looks for

• Check all 10 subjunctive sentences use the correct person-number ending — the most common error is using the A2 present-tense form instead of the subjunctive
• Verify ताकि and conditional कि sentences use subjunctive in the dependent clause — not indicative present
• Confirm indirect speech does NOT backshift tense — if a learner writes 'था' (past) where Hindi requires 'है' (present) in reported speech, this is an English-interference error
• Ask the learner: 'What is the difference in Hindi between saying someone said something (direct speech) vs reporting it (indirect speech)?' — they should be able to explain the कि construction and the no-backshift rule

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Proof required

Submit: (1) a causative table for 10 base verbs, showing direct verb → direct causative → indirect causative, with an example sentence for each indirect causative; (2) 8 sentences using 4 extended compound-verb constructions (उठना, बैठना, डालना, and one reviewed from A2 — लेना or देना) — 2 sentences each, demonstrating the semantic contrast between the vectors.

What gets checked

• The causative table correctly forms both -आ- and -वा- forms for each of the 10 verbs — irregular causatives (e.g. देना → दिलाना not देवाना) must be correctly shown
• Each compound-verb pair demonstrates a genuine semantic contrast — e.g. बोल उठना (spontaneously exclaimed) vs बोल बैठना (said something unwise/impulsively) cannot be used interchangeably
• Indirect causative sentences include both the agent (ने) and the causee (को/से) correctly — 'माँ ने बच्चे से खाना खिलवाया' (Mother had the child fed by someone) shows the full indirect-causative argument structure

Common mistakes

• Forming irregular causatives by rule — adding -आ- to already-irregular verbs produces non-Hindi forms; the 20 highest-frequency causatives must be memorised (देना → दिलाना, लेना → दिलवाना, सोना → सुलाना)
• Conflating बैठना and उठना compound vectors — उठना marks sudden or unexpected action while बैठना marks impulsive or ill-advised action; writing either randomly based on vague sense of 'intensity' produces incorrect meaning
• Missing the causee with indirect causatives — 'मैंने काम करवाया' without specifying WHO did the work is grammatically possible but pragmatically incomplete at B1; the full sentence should name the causee

Resources

What a verifier looks for

• Verify the causative table's indirect causative column uses -वा- (not -आ-) forms throughout, and that irregular forms (देना → दिलाना, लेना → दिलवाना, सोना → सुलाना, करना → करवाना) are correct
• Check that indirect causative sentences include both agent (ने) and causee (को/से) in the argument structure
• For the compound-verb pairs, ask the learner to explain the semantic difference between their उठना sentence and their बैठना sentence — they should be able to articulate that उठना marks suddenness while बैठना marks impulsiveness or ill-advisedness
• Confirm डालना sentences indicate emphatic or drastic completion of the action — it should not appear with mildly completed or neutral actions

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Proof required

Submit a recording (audio or video) of an unscripted 20-minute conversation with a native or near-native Hindi speaker. Both voices must be clearly audible. The conversation must: (1) cover at least 4 distinct topic areas; (2) include at least one clear use of the Hindi subjunctive; (3) include at least one indirect speech construction (कहा कि, बताया कि, or similar); (4) include at least one causative verb (direct or indirect). Submit alongside the recording your conversation partner's name and connection.

What gets checked

• All four B1 grammar targets appear naturally in the conversation — subjunctive, indirect speech, and causative — not inserted artificially as one-off sentences but arising from discussing the topic
• The learner handles unexpected questions or topic changes without extended silence or switching to English — at B1, communication continues even when vocabulary gaps occur
• The conversation sustains for 20 minutes with genuine back-and-forth: the learner asks questions, develops ideas across multiple exchanges, and does not only give yes/no or one-sentence replies

Common mistakes

• Preparing set-piece sentences and inserting them — a B1 conversation test rewards spontaneity; verifiers will notice if the learner waits to drop a rehearsed subjunctive sentence regardless of the conversation flow
• Retreating to A1/A2 structures under pressure — learners sometimes fluently produce B1 grammar in exercises but revert to simple present tense in conversation; the 20-minute length is designed to catch this by exhausting the safe pre-planned sentences
• Not asking questions — passive participation (only answering) does not demonstrate B1 productive range; the learner must initiate topics and ask at least 4 questions of their own during the 20 minutes

Resources

What a verifier looks for

• Confirm both voices are clearly audible throughout the full 20-minute recording
• Listen for subjunctive at least once — not just चाहिए (which is common and sometimes used without full subjunctive awareness) but a genuine possibility/desire clause where the subjunctive ending is correct
• Identify at least one indirect speech construction (कहा कि, बताया कि, पूछा कि) — confirm no inappropriate tense backshift
• Identify at least one causative verb — ask the learner after the recording what verb they used and what the causee did; this confirms the causative was used with understanding, not as a word the learner accidentally produced
• Verify the learner asks at least 4 questions of their own — count them; a learner who only answers is demonstrating comprehension, not productive B1 range
• Assess register consistency — B1 Hindi should use आप/formal register throughout with an unknown conversation partner; shifting to तुम unprompted in a formal language-exchange setting signals register confusion

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